Periodontology is the dental specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth: the gums, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament (fibers that attach the tooth to the bone).

These diseases affect the tissues that surround and support the teeth—collectively known as the periodontium—which include not only the gums but also the alveolar bone and other structures responsible for keeping the teeth securely anchored in the jaw. Periodontal diseases are divided into two main categories: gingivitis and periodontitis.

• Gingivitis involves superficial inflammation of the gums and is easily treatable, with complete recovery of the tissues.
• Periodontitis results in the destruction of deeper structures, with bone resorption, and if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. Periodontitis generally causes little to no pain, even in more advanced stages. Therefore, regular visits to your dentist are crucial to assess and prevent these diseases.

Common treatments in this specialty include:

• Scaling and root planing
• Tartar removal
• Recovery and regeneration of the supporting tissues (gums, ligament, and bone)
• Gingivectomy and osteotomy